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Abstract
Background: Whether ecological anxiety paralyses or mobilises young people remains contested, and evidence from the Global South is limited.
Objective: To determine whether collective efficacy moderates the eco-anxiety-climate activism relationship and whether catalytic eco-anger mediates it among Indonesian Generation Z.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey included 1,500 participants aged 16-24 years recruited through public organizations in Palembang. Validated scales, regression, simple-slope analysis, and bootstrap mediation were used.
Results: Collective efficacy positively predicted activism and produced a crossover interaction: eco-anxiety predicted lower activism at low efficacy but higher activism at high efficacy. Catalytic eco-anger competitively mediated the association against a negative direct effect.
Conclusion: Collective efficacy conditions whether climate distress becomes organized activism, extending collective-action theory and informing Indonesian youth and climate policy.
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